Adjustment of an Integrated Geodetic Network Composed of GNSS Vectors and Classical Terrestrial Linear Pseudo-Observations

The paper proposes a new method for adjusting classical terrestrial observations (total station) together with satellite (GNSS-Global Navigation Satellite Systems) vectors. All the are adjusted in single common three-dimensional system of reference. proposed does not require to be projected onto an ellipsoid or converted between reference systems. adjustment process follows transformation geodetic network (distances and horizontal vertical angles) into spatial linear (distance) network. This step facilitates easy integration GNSS vectors when results numerically processed. offers detailed formulas calculating pseudo-observations (spatial distances) from input (horizontal angles, distances, height instrument target). next stage was set observation equations transform them form (functional model observations). A provided as well determining mean errors pseudo-observations, necessary assess accuracy values following (point coordinates). algorithm verified practice whereby integrated made up vector linear-angular adjusted.